LostGirl wrote: ↑Sat Dec 30, 2017 4:09 pm
Perhaps many like me never felt pressured because it was just built into our lives from the day we started breathing.
Exactly. It's like everything else members do in the LDS church: believers don't feel the pressure because it's part of their identity. Because they identify so strongly with the in-group, most of what would normally be
external pressure from the in-group is actually
internal pressure.
We used to identify strongly with the in-group. When we couldn't maintain that identity, we became out-group, and the pressure became external.
In and of itself, there's usually nothing bad about this form of influence. Family and workplace cultures, for example, are built this way. "This is the way we do things. I'm part of 'we,' so it's the way I do things." It's a great way to work together and to encourage good behavior.
But there are more ingredients that the church uses to make the pressure hard to detect, and sometimes to actually turn it into coercion.
Positivity. Rules tend to take this form: "If you do A then you get B" where A is an action or attitude and B is a reward. Example: "If you have a testimony, live the WoW, obey the LoC, pay an honest tithe, etc., then you can attend the temple."
Stating the inverse "if you don't do A then you don't get B" is rare. Inverses tend to induce external pressure. When do members feel the most external pressure? Speaking for just the men, it's when we talk about home teaching, in which we rarely talk about positive consequences for doing it faithfully.
Here's another fine example of non-positivity:
LostGirl wrote: ↑Sat Dec 30, 2017 4:09 pm
Even though we'd be quite happy if we never spent another minute in the temple:
* if we don't pay, we can't see our kids, our siblings, our nieces and nephews, our friends, or our grandkids get married
* we can't participate in the ordinances and rituals that we are told are vital for eternal salvation and could become projects or pariahs among our own friends and family
See that inversion? "If we don't pay tithing then we can't..." The inverse is what makes the external pressure obvious.
There's nothing bad about this ingredient in and of itself. But there's nothing wrong with stating the inverse, either, because both the positive statement and its inverse are essential to almost any rule. (Without an inverse, a rule can't be used to deny a reward.) So where it goes bad is in
always denying the inverse.
If someone were to state the inverse "if we don't pay tithing then we can't..." at church, the typical response would start with "I wouldn't think of it like that" followed by stating the positive. This is more or less expected, because in-group members don't like to think of group pressure as being external. For them, it's not. But never letting the inverse statement stand isn't quite truthful, in that it allows in-group members to forget the whole rule and thus the source of the pressure to follow it. It can also be invalidating to those on the margins.
Codependency. My workplace culture is part of my identity, and I'm fine with that. I'm surrounded by good people who do good things. But this part of my identity doesn't subsume all of the other parts of my identity like my Mormon identity used to. I don't depend on it for approval and my sense of self.
Therefore, at work, I feel free to evaluate the goodness or fitness of the rules. At church, I didn't. At work, I can import great ideas from other places and shop them around. But can you imagine someone suggesting that the church use tithing funds to match fast offerings and other charitable giving? Of course there would be logistical barriers, but I can't even imagine someone bringing it up.
If there's a conflict between my work identity and some other identity, I'm free to decide which is more important to be true to. If that means I have to leave, I get expressions of gratitude and a goodbye party. But if there was a conflict between my Mormon identity and some other identity, Mormon Reuben was supposed to win, period. It's like I had a dysfunctional marriage to the LDS church. I certainly promised more to it than I ever promised to my wife...
This ingredient is just bad. Not even your family identity should override every other identity - it's universally regarded as unhealthy. This is where coercion starts.
Stifling dissent and disagreement. There are many things you just can't say at church without leaders or other members retaliating using shame and social punishment. A lot of the things you can't say have to do with the rules.
All of the things you can't say are deeply tied to Mormon identity, so I think of stifling dissent as partly an outgrowth of codependency. I really don't think any church leaders ever thought to themselves, "Let's hold everyone's social standing and relationships hostage until their thoughts conform." I don't think they're capable of thinking of it that way. They just acted to maintain their in-group identity without thinking much about how marginalized and out-group members would experience their actions, if at all.
"No dissent" has been part of the rules and in-group identity for... over 150 years now, I guess. Ever since Joseph Smith started excommunicating people for opposing his worst ideas, which of course was really the same as opposing God and his church.
This ingredient is very bad. It helps enable every bad behavior by 1) creating the illusion of strong consensus by keeping dissenters quiet, and 2) creating actual moderate consensus by expelling the most vocal dissenters. Members get the impression that everyone agrees that the church is always right.
I can't imagine working for an employer that does this. I would regard my workplace as hostile and toxic. If I cared about it, I would try to fix it. If not, I would find another job as soon as possible and tell my friends and family to avoid that place like the plague.
Tribalism. This "us vs the wicked world" ingredient is bad because it strengthens every other ingredient.
Positivity. Check out this fine example from Elder Oaks of using positivity to hide external pressure:
Converted Latter-day Saints believe that the family proclamation... is the Lord’s reemphasis of the gospel truths we need to sustain us through current challenges to the family.
(The ellipses replace a throwaway historical fact.) The contrapositive, which can be derived directly from this statement, makes the external pressure obvious:
Latter-day Saints who don't believe that the family proclamation is the Lord’s reemphasis of the gospel truths we need to sustain us through current challenges to the family are not converted.
It's obvious now that this talk says "fall in line or there's something wrong with you." Then tribalism strengthens the consequences of not falling in line. Elder Oaks front-loads the talk with "us vs the wicked world" language. Not only are you a bad Mormon if you don't believe him, he strongly implies that you're actually part of the wicked world: someone to not only be pitied, but possibly feared.
Also, you can't complain about being pre-judged as being Terrestrial or Telestial. No dissent.
Codependency. Tribalism motivates your Mormon identity subsuming all others. If you're not all-in then you're part of the wicked world, because you can be only in or out. If you're out, you don't get to become like God.
Stifling dissent and disagreement. With tribalism,
- Disagreement makes you influenced by the wicked world instead of merely being a little different or not quite one of the in-group.
- Dissent puts you squarely in the wicked world instead of merely being part of the out-group.
- Expulsion discredits you entirely, removing your ideas from discourse instead of removing just you.
With tribalism, the consequences of disagreement and dissent are so severe - including, as Mormons suppose, losing exaltation - that few all-in Mormons dare to approach either.
Holy cow, this ended up being a novel. Even so, I've missed some key ingredients like top-down authority and black-and-white thinking. Sorry for the length...